Games with four or fewer betting rounds, such as five-card stud and Mississippi stud, play well with any structure, and are especially well suited to no limit and pot limit play. The number of betting rounds in a game influences how well the game plays with different betting structures.

These two games form the basis of most modern stud poker variations. Later, seven-card stud became more common, both in casinos and in home games. Five-card stud first appeared during the American Civil War when the game was much played among soldiers on both sides, and became very popular. Stud poker variants using four cards were popular as of the American Revolutionary War. The cards dealt face down to each individual player are called hole cards, which gave rise to the common English expression ace in the hole for any hidden advantage. Stud games are also typically non-positional games, meaning that the player who bets first on each round may change from round to round (it is usually the player whose face-up cards make the best hand for the game being played). Stud poker is any of a number of poker variants in which each player receives a mix of face-down and face-up cards dealt in multiple betting rounds.

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